品达 - 古希腊 - 古典文学

John Campbell 12-10-2023
John Campbell

(抒情诗人,希腊人,约公元前522-约公元前443年)

简介

简介

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See_also: 荷马--古希腊诗人--作品、诗歌和事实

品达是古希腊最著名的抒情诗人之一,也许是古希腊九大抒情诗人中最著名的一位。

他在古代被视为希腊最伟大的诗人,古人的推崇可能有助于解释为什么他的作品中有相当一部分被精心保存下来(其他希腊抒情诗大多只以碎片形式流传下来,但平达的所有诗歌中有近四分之一是完整的)。

他尤其以纪念著名人物和竞技比赛获胜者的epinicia(或胜利颂)而闻名。

See_also: 阿特米斯的个性、性格特征、优势和劣势

纪要

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平达大约于公元前522年或518年出生在波欧提亚底比斯附近的Cynoscephalae村,是Daiphantus和Cleodice的儿子。 他的家族可以追溯到底比斯的Aegidae贵族家族,然后再追溯到传说中的底比斯创始人Cadmus。 他与Megacleia结婚,他们有两个女儿Eumetis和Protomache,还有一个儿子Daiphantus。

虽然平达可能与公元前490年和480年麦地那战争期间站在波斯一边的个人和团体有关系,但他的事业似乎并没有因为这种关系而受到影响,而且在战争结束后不久,他作为诗人的声誉就传遍了整个希腊世界及其殖民地。 他在底比斯的房子被亚历山大大帝特意保留下来,以表彰其赠送的作品是平达为其祖先马其顿国王亚历山大一世创作的。

品达在希腊世界广泛旅行,以照顾他的各种赞助人,包括在公元前476年前往锡拉库扎的希伦宫廷(在那里他可能遇到了当时被锡拉库扎吸引的其他一些伟大的诗人,包括 埃斯库罗斯 他的45首颂歌中有11首是为伊吉纳人写的,这使得他很可能也访问了强大的伊吉纳岛。

他有一个漫长而辉煌的职业生涯。 他现存最古老的颂歌可以追溯到公元前498年,当时平达只有20岁,最晚的通常是公元前446年,当时他72岁。 不过,他文学活动的高峰期一般被认为是公元前480年至460年。

据信他于公元前443年或438年在阿尔戈斯去世,当时大约八十岁。

著作

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平达写了许多合唱作品,如颂歌、歌曲和宗教节日的赞美诗,我们只能通过引用其他古代作家的作品或在埃及出土的纸莎草纸碎片来了解。 然而,他的45首 "epinicia "以完整的形式存在,这些作品被认为是他的代表作。 epinicion "是一首纪念著名人物的抒情颂歌(如竞技比赛的获胜者他现存的胜利颂歌分为四本,分别以胜利者参加的比赛为基础,包括奥林匹亚运动会、毕提亚运动会、伊斯特米亚运动会和尼米亚运动会,其中最著名的是 "奥林匹亚颂1" "Pythian Ode 1" (分别来自公元前476年和公元前470年)。

品达的颂歌结构复杂,风格丰富,具有典故性,充满了体育胜利者和他杰出的祖先之间密集的相似之处,以及对神灵和英雄神话的暗示,这些都是体育节的基础。 它们采用传统的三段式或三节式结构,包括一个strophe(第一节,在合唱团向左跳舞时吟唱)、一个反语(第二节,在合唱团向右跳舞时吟唱)和一个结束语(第三节,用不同的节拍,在合唱团站在舞台中间时吟唱)。

主要工程

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  • "奥林匹亚颂1"
  • "Pythian Ode 1"

John Campbell

John Campbell is an accomplished writer and literary enthusiast, known for his deep appreciation and extensive knowledge of classical literature. With a passion for the written word and a particular fascination for the works of ancient Greece and Rome, John has dedicated years to the study and exploration of Classical Tragedy, lyric poetry, new comedy, satire, and epic poetry.Graduating with honors in English Literature from a prestigious university, John's academic background provides him with a strong foundation to critically analyze and interpret these timeless literary creations. His ability to delve into the nuances of Aristotle's Poetics, Sappho's lyrical expressions, Aristophanes' sharp wit, Juvenal's satirical musings, and the sweeping narratives of Homer and Virgil is truly exceptional.John's blog serves as a paramount platform for him to share his insights, observations, and interpretations of these classical masterpieces. Through his meticulous analysis of themes, characters, symbols, and historical context, he brings to life the works of ancient literary giants, making them accessible to readers of all backgrounds and interests.His captivating writing style engages both the minds and hearts of his readers, drawing them into the magical world of classical literature. With each blog post, John skillfully weaves together his scholarly understanding with a deeplypersonal connection to these texts, making them relatable and relevant to the contemporary world.Recognized as an authority in his field, John has contributed articles and essays to several prestigious literary journals and publications. His expertise in classical literature has also made him a sought-after speaker at various academic conferences and literary events.Through his eloquent prose and ardent enthusiasm, John Campbell is determined to revive and celebrate the timeless beauty and profound significance of classical literature. Whether you are a dedicated scholar or simply a curious reader seeking to explore the world of Oedipus, Sappho's love poems, Menander's witty plays, or the heroic tales of Achilles, John's blog promises to be an invaluable resource that will educate, inspire, and ignite a lifelong love for the classics.