作品和日子--赫西奥德

John Campbell 12-10-2023
John Campbell

(Didactic Poem,希腊语,约公元前700年,828行)

简介

简介

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" 作品与日子 " (Gr:" 鹤岗市 " 纬度;纬度: " 歌剧和舞蹈 " )是一个 说教诗 由早期的古希腊诗人写的 赫西奥德 这可能是 成书于公元前700年左右或更早 它是我们拥有的第一个希腊说教诗的例子(强调指导性和信息性的诗歌)。

它体现了他的日常生活和工作经验,形成了一种牧羊人的日历,与寓言、寓言、建议和个人历史的情节交织在一起。 它可能是在希腊大陆农业危机的背景下写成的,这激发了一波寻找新土地的有记录的殖民化。

简介--《作品与日子》概要

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在开场对宙斯和缪斯的召唤之后、 诗的第一部分 第二部分是关于农业耕作的提示和规则。 第三部分是宗教月历,对最幸运的日子或不利于农村或航海工作的日子做了说明。

整首诗的连接点是作者对他的兄弟Perses的建议,他似乎已经贿赂了腐败的法官,剥夺了 赫西奥德 他的遗产本来就不多,他满足于在闲暇的时候消磨时间,并接受 赫西奥德 '的额外慈善。

高于普通人的具体情节包括一个早期的描述,即 "世界的五个时代" 冬天的描述备受推崇;希腊文学中最早的寓言故事,即《冬日》。 "鹰与夜莺" 的故事,也在他的作品中有所描述。 "Theogony" 的,是 普罗米修斯 从宙斯那里偷火,以及由此产生的对人的惩罚,当 潘多拉从她的罐子里释放出人类所有的罪恶 (在现代会计中被称为" 潘多拉的盒子 "),只剩下霍普被困在里面。

分析报告

See_also: 欧里庇得斯--最后的伟大悲剧家

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这首诗围绕着两个普遍的事实展开 劳动是人的普遍命运,但愿意工作的人总能过上好日子。 赫西奥德 他规定了诚实的劳动生活(他认为这是一切美好的源泉),并抨击了游手好闲,暗示神和人都讨厌游手好闲的人。 在这首诗的建议和智慧中、 赫西奥德 也在一定程度上追求自己的议程,攻击不公正的法官(如那些决定支持Perses的法官、 赫西奥德 '的不太负责任的兄弟,他通过这些不公正的法官的裁决获得了遗产)和高利贷的做法。

这首诗也是现存的第一部关于 "中国 "和 "世界 "之间的关系的描述。 人类时代 ,被称为 "人类的五个时代" .在 赫西奥德 的账户,这些是: 黄金时代 (在那里,人们生活在众神之间,并与众神自由交融,和平、和谐和富足盛行); 白银时代 (其中,人在婴儿时期生活了一百年,随后只是在成年后的短暂时间里充满了纷争,这是一个不虔诚的种族,宙斯因为他们拒绝崇拜诸神而将其消灭); 青铜时代 (在其中,人是坚硬和暴力的,只为战争而活,但被自己的暴力方式所破坏,被贬到黑暗的冥界); 英雄时代 (其中,人们作为高贵的半神和英雄生活,就像那些在底比斯和特洛伊作战的人,他们死后去了极乐世界);以及 铁器时代 ( 赫西奥德 在这个时代,众神已经抛弃了人类,人在其中过着劳累、苦难、无耻和不光彩的生活)。

资源

See_also: 赫克托的葬礼:赫克托的葬礼是如何安排的

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  • Hugh Evelyn-White的英译本(互联网圣文档案)://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/works.htm
  • 带有逐字翻译的希腊文版本(珀尔修斯项目)://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0131

John Campbell

John Campbell is an accomplished writer and literary enthusiast, known for his deep appreciation and extensive knowledge of classical literature. With a passion for the written word and a particular fascination for the works of ancient Greece and Rome, John has dedicated years to the study and exploration of Classical Tragedy, lyric poetry, new comedy, satire, and epic poetry.Graduating with honors in English Literature from a prestigious university, John's academic background provides him with a strong foundation to critically analyze and interpret these timeless literary creations. His ability to delve into the nuances of Aristotle's Poetics, Sappho's lyrical expressions, Aristophanes' sharp wit, Juvenal's satirical musings, and the sweeping narratives of Homer and Virgil is truly exceptional.John's blog serves as a paramount platform for him to share his insights, observations, and interpretations of these classical masterpieces. Through his meticulous analysis of themes, characters, symbols, and historical context, he brings to life the works of ancient literary giants, making them accessible to readers of all backgrounds and interests.His captivating writing style engages both the minds and hearts of his readers, drawing them into the magical world of classical literature. With each blog post, John skillfully weaves together his scholarly understanding with a deeplypersonal connection to these texts, making them relatable and relevant to the contemporary world.Recognized as an authority in his field, John has contributed articles and essays to several prestigious literary journals and publications. His expertise in classical literature has also made him a sought-after speaker at various academic conferences and literary events.Through his eloquent prose and ardent enthusiasm, John Campbell is determined to revive and celebrate the timeless beauty and profound significance of classical literature. Whether you are a dedicated scholar or simply a curious reader seeking to explore the world of Oedipus, Sappho's love poems, Menander's witty plays, or the heroic tales of Achilles, John's blog promises to be an invaluable resource that will educate, inspire, and ignite a lifelong love for the classics.