(Majaajillo, Giriig, 405 BCE, 1,533 sadar)

hordhaccaqli badan, kana geesisan Dionysus) waxay ku doodaan nooca cabashooyinka Xanthias u isticmaali karo inuu ku furo riwaayadda si majaajillo ah.

Iyadoo ay ka niyad jabsan tahay xaaladda masiibada Athens ee casriga ah, Dionysus wuxuu qorsheynayaa inuu u safro Hades si uu u keeno riwaayadaha musiibada weyn

17>Euripidesoo kuwii dhintay ka soo noqday. Isagoo ku labisan sida Heracles-libaax-qarin oo sita naadi u eg Heracles, wuxuu aaday inuu la tashado walaalkii ay aabaha ahaayeen Heracles laftiisa (kaas oo soo booqday Hades markii uu u soo baxay Cerberus) sida ugu wanaagsan ee uu halkaas ku gaari karo. Isaga oo ku faraxsan muuqaalka Dionysus-ka xun, Heracles waxa kaliya oo uu soo jeedin karaa ikhtiyaarka ah in uu is deldelo, cabbidda sunta ama ka booda munaarad. Dhammaadkii, Dionysus waxa uu door biday safarka dheer ee uu kaga gudbayo harada, isla dariiqii Heracles laftiisu mar qaaday (Xanthias, adoo addoon ah, waa inuu dhex socdaa). Isgoysyada, Chorus of rahyo qeylinaya (rahyada ciwaanka ciyaarta) ayaa ku soo biiraya, Dionysus ayaa la heesay iyaga. Waxa uu mar kale kula kulmay Xanthias xeebta fog, ku dhawaad ​​isla markiiba waxa ka horyimid Aeacus, oo ka mid ah xaakinnada kuwii dhintay, kaas oo weli ka cadhaysan xatooyada Heracles ee Cerberus. Khalad Dionysus ee Heracles sababtoo ah labbiskiisa, Aeacus wuxuu ku hanjabay inuu ku sii daayo dhowr bahal isaga oo aargoosi ah, iyo fulaynimadaDionysus si dhakhso ah ayuu dharka uga ganacsadaa Xanthias.

Gabadh qurux badan oo Persephone ah ayaa timid, iyadoo ku faraxsan inay aragto Heracles (dhab ahaantii Xanthius), waxayna ugu yeedhay diyaafad ay la socdaan gabdho bikrad ah oo qoob-ka-ciyaara, taas oo Xanthias aad ugu faraxsan tahay waajib. Dionysus, si kastaba ha ahaatee, hadda wuxuu rabaa inuu dib u beddelo dharka, laakiin isla markii uu u beddelo maqaarka libaaxa Heracles, wuxuu la kulmay dad badan oo ka cadhooday Heracles, wuxuuna si degdeg ah ugu qasbay Xanthias inuu mar saddexaad ganacsado. Marka Aeacus uu soo laabto mar kale, Xanthias wuxuu soo jeedinayaa inuu jirdilo Dionysus si uu runta u helo, isagoo soo jeedinaya doorashooyin badan oo naxariis daran. Dionysus oo argagaxsan ayaa isla markiiba daaha ka qaaday runta inuu ilaah yahay, waxaana loo oggolaaday inuu sii wado karbaash wanaagsan ka dib.

Sidoo kale eeg: GREECE qadiimi ah - EURIPIDES - HOESTES

> 27 ), waxa uu ku loolamaya weyn Aeschylus kursiga "Abwaan Masiibada ugu Wanaagsan" ee miiska cashada ee Hades, Dionysus waxaa loo magacaabay inuu xukumo tartanka dhexdooda. Labada fanaan ayaa marba marka ka dambaysa soo xiganaya tuducyo ka mid ah riwaayadahooda, kan kalena ku maadaysanaya. Euripides waxa uu ku doodayaa in jilayaasha ruwaayadaha uu ku jiro ay ka wanaagsan yihiin sababtoo ah waxay aad ugu run badan yihiin nolosha iyo macquulnimada, halka Aeschylus uu aaminsan yahay in jilayaashiisa ku habboon ay ka wanaagsan yihiin maadaama ay yihiin geesiyaal iyo tusaalayaal wanaagsan. Aeschylus waxay tusinaysaa in Euripides ‘ aayaddu tahay mid la saadaalin karo oo qaacido ah, halka Euripides xisaabinaysa.adigoo dejinaya Aeschylus ' iambic tetrameter lyric lyric lyric to flue music.

>Ugu dambayntii, iyadoo la isku dayay in la soo afjaro dooddii is-mari waaga ahayd, ayaa la keenay isu-dheellitirnaan, waxaana loo sheegay labadii masiibo in ay wax yar dhigaan. ee xariiqyadooda ugu miisaanka culus dusheeda, si ay u arkaan cidda raalli ahaanshaheeda dheelli-tiran. 18 Euripideswaxa ay si xariif ah u bixisay jawaabo aan macno lahayn halka Aeschylusay bixiso talo wax ku ool ah, Dionysus ayaa go'aansaday inuu Aeschylusdib u qaato halkii Euripides. Kahor intaadan dhoofin, Aeschyluswuxuu ku dhawaaqayaa in kii dhawaan dhintay 17>Sophoclesuu kursigiisa ku fadhiisto miiska cuntada inta uu maqan yahay, ma aha Euripides.4> > >

Falanqaynta

>

Ku laabo bogga ugu sarreeya

>

>>Mawduuca hoose ee “Ruhu”asal ahaan waa “dariiqyo hore oo wanaagsan, jidad cusub oo xun”, iyo in Athens ay dib ugu noqoto niman daacadnimo la yaqaan oo la keenay. Marka la eego qaabka reeraha gobta ah iyo kuwa hodanka ah, waxaa la iska ilaaliyaa ciyaaraha Aristophanes

Marka la eego siyaasadda “Ruhu” maaha Sida caadiga ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa mid ka mid ah Aristophanes "ciyaaraha nabadda" (dhowr ka mid ah riwaayadihiisii ​​hore ayaa ku baaqaya in la joojiyoDagaalka Peloponnesia, ku dhawaad ​​kharash kasta), iyo runtii talooyinka Aeschylus 'dabeecada ku wajahan dhamaadka ciyaarta ayaa dejisa qorshe lagu guuleysto oo aan ahayn soo jeedin madax-bannaan. Parabasis ee riwaayaddu waxay sidoo kale ku talinaysaa in dib loogu soo celiyo xuquuqda muwaadinimada kuwii ka qaybqaatay kacaankii oligarchic ee 411 BCE, iyaga oo ku doodaya in ay marin habaabiyeen khiyaamada Phrynichos (Phrynichos wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiye kacaankii oligarchic, oo lagu dilay qanacsanaanta guud ee 411). BCE), fikrad taas oo dhab ahaantii markii dambe ay dhaqan galisay dawladda Ateenay. Tuducyada qaarkood ee riwaayadda ayaa sidoo kale u muuqda inay kicinayaan xusuusta Ateeniya guud ee Alcibiades ka dib markii uu hore u goostay.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkasta oo Aristophanes walaac ka muujiyay xaaladda jilicsan ee siyaasadda Athens ee wakhtigaas ( Riwaayaddan oo marba marka ka dambaysa kor u sii kacaysa), riwaayaddu maaha mid si xooggan dabeecadda siyaasadda u leh, dulucdeeda ugu weynina waa suugaanta, taas oo ah xaaladda liidata ee riwaayadaha musiibada ah ee wakhtigan Athens.

Aristophanes waxa uu bilaabay curinta “ Rahyadii " muddo aan dheerayn ka dib Euripides geeridii, qiyaastii 406 BCE, wakhtigaas Sophocles wali wuu noolaa, taas oo laga yaabo inay tahay sababta ugu weyn ee Sophocles kuma lug lahayn tartanka abwaannada oo ka kooban agoon ama doodda ugu weyn ee riwaayadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida ay dhacdo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Sophocles ayaa sidoo kale dhintay sanadkaas, oo laga yaabo inayku qasbay Aristophanes inuu dib u eego oo uu hagaajiyo faahfaahinta ciyaarta (taas oo laga yaabo inay horeba u ahayd marxaladaha dambe ee horumarka), tanina waxay si fiican ugu xisaabtami kartaa xusitaanka Sophocles dabayaaqadii badbaadada. nooca shaqada.

Aristophanes kuma dadaalo inuu weeraro oo ku majaajiloodo Dionysus, oo ah ilaaha mas'uulka ka ah farshaxankiisa iyo sharafta uu riwaayadda lafteeda la soo bandhigay, isaga oo aamin ah in ilaahyadu waxay fahmeen madadaalo sidoo kale, haddii aysan ka fiicneyn, ragga. Sidaa darteed, Dionysus waxaa lagu sawiray fulaynimo, dilettante xun, oo si aad ah ugu lebbisan haragga libaaxa iyo naadiga geesiga ah, oo loo dhimay inuu naftiisa ku xejiyo harada Hades. Walaalkiis ay walaalo yihiin, geesiga Heracles, ayaa sidoo kale loola dhaqmaa si xushmad la'aan ah, oo lagu tilmaamay inuu yahay caasinimo xun. Xanthias, addoonka Dionysus, waxaa lagu tilmaamay mid ka caqli badan oo ka macquulsan midkoodna 11> > Ku laabo bogga ugu sarreeya

>>

Sidoo kale eeg: Ascanius ee Aeneid: Sheekada Wiilka Aeneas ee Gabayga > >

> Ingiriisi (Internet Classics Archive): //classics.mit .edu/Aristophanes/frogs.html
• Nooca Giriigga oo leh tarjumaad kelmad-erey (Project Perseus): //www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus:text: 1999.01.0031