( Musiibo, Giriig, 458 BCE, 3,796 sadar ka badan 3 riwaayadood)

Hordhac “Agamemnon” .

> > “Libation Bearers” waxa ay wax ka qabtaa isu-keenista carruurta Agamemnon , Electra iyo Orestes, iyo aargoosigoodii markay dileen Clytemnestra iyo Aegisthus cutubka cusub ee habaarkii Guriga Atreus. Wixii faahfaahin dheeraad ah, eeg bogga gaarka ah ee “Libation Bearers” .

“The Eumenides” waxa ay sheegaysaa sida Orestes looga daba tago Athens by aargoosiga Erinyes ee dilka hooyadiis, Clytemnestra, iyo sida loogu tijaabiyay Athena horteeda iyo xeerbeegti Ateeniya si ay u go'aamiyaan in dembigiisu uu xaq u leeyahay ciqaabta Erinyes. Faahfaahin dheeraad ah ka eeg bogga gaarka ah ee “The Eumenides” .

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Falanqaynta 10> >

Ku laabo bogga sare > Sidoo kale eeg: Goddess Oeno: Ilaahnimada hore ee khamriga

“ Oresteia “ (oo ka kooban “Agamemnon” , > > “Libation Bearers” iyo “Eumenides” ) waa Tusaalaha kaliya ee badbaaday ee saddex-geesoodka dhamaystiran ee riwaayadihii Giriigii hore ). Waxaa asal ahaan lagu soo bandhigay xafladda Dionysia sanadlaha ah ee Athens 458 BCE, halkaas oo ay ku guulaysatay abaalmarinta koowaad. Qoraal heer sare ah, oo laga yaabo inay la yaabaan akhristayaasha casriga ah, inkasta oo runtii ereyga "musiibo" uu sameeyayma sido macnaheeda casriga ah ee Athens qadiimiga ah, iyo qaar badan oo ka mid ah masiibooyinka Giriigga ah waxay ku dhamaanayaan farxad. 19 hal tallaabo oo kaliya ayaa laga saaray dhaqankii hore ee riwaayadda oo dhan ay qaban jireen Chorus). In “Eumenides”, gaar ahaan, Chorus-ku aad ayuu uga muhiimsan yahay sababtoo ah waxay ka kooban tahay Erinyes laftooda iyo, ka dib qodob gaar ah, sheekadooda (iyo is-dhexgalkooda guusha leh pantheon of Athens) waxa ay noqotaa qayb weyn oo ka mid ah ciyaarta.

Intii oo dhan “The Oresteia” , Aeschylus waxa ay isticmaashaa sarbeebyo iyo calaamado dabiici ah oo badan, sida qoraxda. iyo wareegyada dayaxa, habeen iyo maalin, duufaan, dabaylo, dab, iwm, si ay u matalaan dabeecadda vacilling ee xaqiiqada aadanaha (wanaagga iyo xumaanta, dhalashada iyo dhimashada, murugo iyo farxad, iwm). Sidoo kale waxa riwaayadaha ku jira calaamado xayawaan ah oo aad u tiro badan, bini’aadamka oo ilaaway sida ay isu maamuli lahaayeen si cadaalad ah waxa ay u muuqdaan in ay yihiin xayawaan.

(Sharciga qadiimiga ah ee Erinyes wuxuu amrayaa in dhiigga lagu bixiyo dhiig wareeg aan dhammaanayn oo cadaab ah, iyoTaariikhdii hore ee dhiigga ee Guriga Atreus waxay ku sii socotaa inay saameyn ku yeelato dhacdooyinka jiilba jiilba wareegga is-daba-joogga ah ee rabshadaha dhalinaya; la'aanta caddaynta u dhaxaysa xaqa iyo baadilka (Agamemnon, Clytemnestra iyo Orestes dhamaantood waxay wajahayaan doorashooyin anshaxeed oo aan macquul ahayn, iyada oo aan lahayn sax iyo khalad); khilaafka u dhexeeya ilaahyadii hore iyo kuwa cusub (Erynyes waxay ka dhigan yihiin sharciyadii hore, sharciyada hore ee dalbanaya aargoosiga dhiigga, halka Apollo, iyo gaar ahaan Athena, ay matalaan nidaamka cusub ee caqliga iyo ilbaxnimada); iyo dabeecadda adag ee dhaxalka (iyo mas'uuliyadaha ay xambaarsan tahay)

Sidoo kale waxa jirta dhinac hoose oo sarbeeb ah oo ku aaddan riwaayadda oo dhan: beddelka caddaaladda is-caawinta qadiimiga ah ee aargoosiga shakhsi ahaaneed ama vendetta. in caddaaladda lagu maamulo maxkamad (oo ay ilaahyada laftoodu oggolaadeen) dhammaan riwaayadaha taxanaha ah, waxay astaan ​​​​u tahay marinka laga soo gudbay bulshodii hore ee Giriigga oo lagu maamulo dareenka, una gudubtay bulsho dimuqraadi ah oo casri ah oo caqliga lagu maamulo.

Taliskii hoos yimaada. taas oo Argos isku aragto inta lagu jiro xukunka Clytemnestra iyo Aegisthus waxay u dhigantaa si aad u ballaaran dhacdooyinka qaar ka mid ah xirfad nololeedka Aeschylus naftiisa. Waxaa la og yahay in uu ugu yaraan laba booqasho ku tagay maxkamadda Sicilian tyrant Hieron (sida uu sameeyay dhowr gabayaa oo kale oo caan ahaa waagiisii), wuxuuna ku noolaa dimuqraadiyaddaAthens. Xiisadda u dhaxaysa talisnimada iyo dimuqraadiyadda, oo ah mawduuc guud oo ka mid ah riwaayadaha Giriigga, ayaa ah mid la taaban karo oo dhan saddexda riwaayadood.

Dhammaadka saddex-geesoodka, Orestes ayaa loo arkaa inay fure u tahay, ma aha oo kaliya inay soo afjarto habaarkii Guriga Atreus, laakiin sidoo kale aasaaska u ah tallaabo cusub ee horumarka aadanaha. Haddaba, in kasta oo Aeschylus isticmaalo khuraafaad qadiimi ah oo caan ah oo saldhig u ah “Oresteia” , haddana waxa uu u wajahay si ka duwan qorayaashii kale ee isaga ka horreeyey. , oo leh ajandihiisa gaarka ah si uu u gudbiyo.

> Dib ugu laabo. Sare ee bogga

Sidoo kale eeg:Ino gudaha Odyssey: Boqoradda, Goddess, iyo Samatabbixiye > >

Khayraadka

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• Turjumaadda Ingiriisiga “Agamemnon” ee E. D. A. Morshead (Internet Classics Archive): // classics.mit.edu/Aeschylus/agamemnon.html
• Nooca Giriigga “Agamemnon” /hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0003
• Somali translation of “The Libation Bearers” waxa qoray E.D. A. Morshead (Internet Classics Archive): //classics.mit .edu/Aeschylus/choephori.html
• Nooca Giriigga ee "Xubnaha Libiyeyaasha" oo leh eray-erey tarjumaad ah (Mashruuca Perseus): //www.perseus.tufts.edu/ hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0007
• Ingiriiska “The Eumenides” ee E. D. A. Morshead (Internet Classics Archive)://classics.mit.edu/Aeschylus/eumendides.html
• Nooca Giriigga ee “Eumenides” oo leh eray-erey tarjumaad ah (Perseus Project): //www.perseus. tufts.edu/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0005